健全性檢查：外部效度

Python 的 A/B 測試

Moe Lotfy, PhD

Principal Data Science Manager

辛普森悖論

辛普森悖論：當把母體切成不同分組時，變數間的趨勢可能出現、消失，或反轉的統計現象。

print(simp_imbalanced.groupby('Variant').mean())

Variant     Conversion
A              0.80
B              0.64

print(simp_imbalanced.groupby(['Variant','Device']).mean())

Variant Device   Conversion
A       Phone        0.875
        Tablet       0.500
B       Phone        0.900
        Tablet       0.575

simp_imbalanced.groupby(['Variant','Device'])\
                            ['Device'].count()

Variant  Device
A        Phone     40
         Tablet    10
B        Phone     10
         Tablet    40

辛普森悖論範例表

simp_balanced.groupby(['Variant','Device'])\
                        ['Device'].count()

Variant  Device
A        Phone     40
         Tablet    10
B        Phone     40
         Tablet    10

print(simp_balanced.groupby('Variant').mean())

Variant     Conversion
A              0.70
B              0.52

print(simp_balanced.groupby(['Variant','Device']).mean())

Variant Device     Conversion
A       Phone        0.750
        Tablet       0.500
B       Phone        0.575
        Tablet       0.300

# Plot Lift in CTR vs test days
novelty.plot('date', 'CTR_lift')
plt.ylim([0, 0.09])
plt.title('Lift in CTR vs Test Duration')
plt.show()

以折線圖呈現 CTR 與實驗天數的新奇效應示意

Python 的 A/B 測試