提供錯誤資訊

SQL Server 的交易與錯誤處理

Miriam Antona

Software Engineer

發生錯誤－複習

INSERT INTO products (product_name, stock, price)
    VALUES ('Trek Powerfly 5 - 2018', 10, 3499.99);

Msg 2627, Level 14, State 1, Line 1
Violation of UNIQUE KEY constraint 'unique_name'. 
Cannot insert duplicate key in object 'dbo.products'. 
The duplicate key value is (Trek Powerfly 5 - 2018).

發生錯誤－複習

BEGIN TRY
    INSERT INTO products (product_name, stock, price)
        VALUES ('Trek Powerfly 5 - 2018', 10, 3499.99);
    SELECT 'Product inserted correctly!' AS message;
END TRY
BEGIN CATCH
    SELECT 'An error occurred! You are in the CATCH block' AS message;  
END CATCH

| message                                       |
|-----------------------------------------------|
| An error occurred! You are in the CATCH block |

錯誤函式

ERROR_NUMBER() 會回傳錯誤代碼。

ERROR_SEVERITY() 會回傳錯誤嚴重性（11–19）。

ERROR_STATE() 會回傳錯誤狀態。

ERROR_LINE() 會回傳發生錯誤的行號。

ERROR_PROCEDURE() 會回傳預存程序／觸發程序名稱；若無則為 NULL。

ERROR_MESSAGE() 會回傳錯誤訊息文字。

錯誤函式－範例

BEGIN TRY
    INSERT INTO products (product_name, stock, price)
        VALUES ('Trek Powerfly 5 - 2018', 10, 3499.99);
END TRY
BEGIN CATCH
    SELECT  ERROR_NUMBER() AS Error_number,  
            ERROR_SEVERITY() AS Error_severity,  
            ERROR_STATE() AS Error_state,  
            ERROR_PROCEDURE() AS Error_procedure,  
            ERROR_LINE() AS Error_line,  
            ERROR_MESSAGE() AS Error_message;             
END CATCH

| Error_number| Error_severity| Error_state| Error_procedure| Error_line| Error_message                                       |
|-------------|---------------|------------|----------------|-----------|-----------------------------------------------------|
| 2627        | 14            | 1          | NULL           | 2         | Violation of UNIQUE KEY constraint 'unique_name'... |

錯誤函式－範例

上一個輸出

| Error_number| Error_severity| Error_state| Error_procedure| Error_line| Error_message                                       |
|-------------|---------------|------------|----------------|-----------|-----------------------------------------------------|
| 2627        | 14            | 1          | NULL           | 2         | Violation of UNIQUE KEY constraint 'unique_name'... |

原始錯誤資訊

Msg 2627, Level 14, State 1, Line 1
Violation of UNIQUE KEY constraint 'unique_name'. Cannot insert duplicate key in object 'dbo.products'. The duplicate key 
value is (Trek Powerfly 5 - 2018).

錯誤函式－範例

SELECT  ERROR_NUMBER() AS Error_number,  
        ERROR_SEVERITY() AS Error_severity,  
        ERROR_STATE() AS Error_state,  
        ERROR_PROCEDURE() AS Error_procedure,  
        ERROR_LINE() AS Error_line,  
        ERROR_MESSAGE() AS Error_message;

| Error_number | Error_severity | Error_state | Error_procedure | Error_line | Error_message |
|--------------|----------------|-------------|-----------------|------------|---------------|
| NULL         | NULL           | NULL        | NULL            | NULL       | NULL          |

巢狀 TRY...CATCH 中的錯誤函式

BEGIN TRY
    INSERT INTO products (product_name, stock, price)
        VALUES ('Trek Powerfly 5 - 2018', 10, 3499.99);
END TRY
BEGIN CATCH
    BEGIN TRY
        INSERT INTO myErrors
            VALUES ('ERROR!')
    END TRY    
    BEGIN CATCH
        SELECT  'Outer CATCH block' AS 'Error_from',
            ERROR_NUMBER() AS Error_number,       
            ERROR_MESSAGE() AS Error_message; 
    END CATCH    
END CATCH

| Error_from        | Error_number | Error_message                             |
|-------------------|--------------|-------------------------------------------|
| Outer CATCH block | 8152         | String or binary data would be truncated. |

一起來練習吧！

SQL Server 的交易與錯誤處理