XACT_ABORT 與 XACT_STATE
SQL Server 的交易與錯誤處理
Miriam Antona
Software Engineer
XACT_ABORT
指定當發生錯誤時，是否自動回滾目前交易。
SET XACT_ABORT { ON | OFF }
SET XACT_ABORT OFF
- 預設設定
- 若發生錯誤：可能留下未關閉的交易
SET XACT_ABORT ON
- 若發生錯誤：回滾交易並中止執行
XACT_ABORT - 範例
SET XACT_ABORT OFF; --Default setting
BEGIN TRAN;
INSERT INTO customers VALUES ('Mark', 'Davis', '[email protected]', '555909090');
INSERT INTO customers VALUES ('Dylan', 'Smith', '[email protected]', '555888999'); -- ERROR!
COMMIT TRAN;
(1 row affected)
Msg. 2627, Level 14, State 1, Line 5
Violation of UNIQUE KEY 'unique_email'...
| customer_id | first_name | last_name | email | phone |
|-------------|------------|-----------|----------------------|-----------|
| 14 | Mark | Davis | [email protected] | 555909090 |
XACT_ABORT - 範例
SET XACT_ABORT ON;
BEGIN TRAN;
INSERT INTO customers VALUES ('Mark', 'Davis', '[email protected]', '555909090');
INSERT INTO customers VALUES ('Dylan', 'Smith', '[email protected]', '555888999'); -- ERROR!
COMMIT TRAN;
Msg. 2627, Level 14, State 1, Line 4
Violation of UNIQUE KEY 'unique_email'...
SELECT * FROM customers WHERE first_name = 'Mark';
| customer_id | first_name | last_name | email | phone |
|-------------|------------|-----------|----------------------|-----------|
XACT_ABORT 與 RAISERROR
SET XACT_ABORT ON;
BEGIN TRAN;
INSERT INTO customers VALUES ('Mark', 'Davis', '[email protected]', '555909090');
RAISERROR('Raising an error!', 16, 1);
INSERT INTO customers VALUES ('Zack', 'Roberts', '[email protected]', '555919191');
COMMIT TRAN;
Msg. 50000, Level 16, State 1, Line 5
Raising an error!
SELECT * FROM customers WHERE first_name IN ('Mark', 'Zack');
| customer_id | first_name | last_name | email | phone |
|-------------|------------|-----------|----------------------|-----------|
| 14 | Mark | Davis | [email protected] | 555909090 |
| 15 | Zack | Roberts | [email protected] | 555919191 |
XACT_ABORT 與 THROW
SET XACT_ABORT ON;
BEGIN TRAN;
INSERT INTO customers VALUES ('Mark', 'Davis', '[email protected]', '555909090');
THROW 55000, 'Raising an error!', 1;
INSERT INTO customers VALUES ('Zack', 'Roberts', '[email protected]', '555919191');
COMMIT TRAN;
(1 rows affected)
Msg. 50000, Level 16, State 1, Line 5
Raising an error!
SELECT * FROM customers WHERE first_name IN ('Mark', 'Zack');
| customer_id | first_name | last_name | email | phone |
|-------------|------------|-----------|-------|-------|
XACT_STATE
XACT_STATE()
- 0 -> 沒有未關閉的交易
- 1 -> 有未關閉且可提交的交易
- -1 -> 有未關閉但不可提交的交易（毀損的交易）
- 無法提交
- 無法回滾至儲存點
- 可回滾整個交易
- 無法變更／可讀取資料
XACT_STATE - 已開啟且可提交
SET XACT_ABORT OFF;
BEGIN TRY
BEGIN TRAN;
INSERT INTO customers VALUES ('Mark', 'Davis', '[email protected]', '555909090');
INSERT INTO customers VALUES ('Dylan', 'Smith', '[email protected]', '555888999'); -- ERROR!
COMMIT TRAN;
END TRY
BEGIN CATCH
IF XACT_STATE() = -1
ROLLBACK TRAN;
IF XACT_STATE() = 1
COMMIT TRAN;
SELECT ERROR_MESSAGE() AS error_message;
END CATCH
| error_message |
|---------------------------------------------|
| Violation of UNIQUE KEY 'unique_email'... |
XACT_STATE - 已開啟且可提交
| customer_id | first_name | last_name | email | phone |
|-------------|------------|-----------|----------------------|-----------|
| 14 | Mark | Davis | [email protected] | 555909090 |
XACT_STATE - 已開啟但不可提交（毀損）
SET XACT_ABORT ON;
BEGIN TRY
BEGIN TRAN;
INSERT INTO customers VALUES ('Mark', 'Davis', '[email protected]', '555909090');
INSERT INTO customers VALUES ('Dylan', 'Smith', '[email protected]', '555888999'); -- ERROR!
COMMIT TRAN;
END TRY
BEGIN CATCH
IF XACT_STATE() = -1
ROLLBACK TRAN;
IF XACT_STATE() = 1
COMMIT TRAN;
SELECT ERROR_MESSAGE() AS Error_message;
END CATCH
XACT_STATE - 已開啟但不可提交（毀損）
SELECT * FROM customers WHERE first_name = 'Mark';
| customer_id | first_name | last_name | email | phone |
|-------------|------------|-----------|----------------------|-----------|
一起來練習吧！
SQL Server 的交易與錯誤處理
