日期標準化

使用 Java 進行資料清理

Dennis Lee

Software Engineer

為何日期標準化很重要

不同日期格式：斜線、連字號、點號
格式不一：難以依日期排序或計算時間指標
解法：標準化日期

Product Name	Date Received
Bell Pepper	3/1/25
Vegetable Oil	04-01-2025
Cheese	2025.06.01

將字串日期轉為 LocalDate

import java.time.LocalDate;
import java.time.format.DateTimeFormatter;

// Specify expected date format (M/d/yy)
DateTimeFormatter formatter = DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("M/d/yy");


// Convert string to LocalDate
LocalDate date = LocalDate.parse("3/1/25", formatter);
System.out.println("Date converted from string: " + date);

Date converted from string: 2025-03-01

統一不同的日期格式

String[] dates = {"3/1/25", "04-01-2025", "2025.06.01"}; // Input date formats
DateTimeFormatter[] formatters = { // Expected date formats in the input
    DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("M/d/yy"), // No zero-padding in month and day
    DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("MM-dd-yyyy"), // Zero-padded month and day
    DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyy.MM.dd")
};


System.out.println("Standardized dates:");
for (int i = 0; i < dates.length; i++) {
    LocalDate date = LocalDate.parse(dates[i], formatters[i]); // Convert to date
    System.out.println("Format " + dates[i] + " as " + date1);
}

統一不同日期格式：輸出

Standardized dates:
Format 3/1/25 as 2025-03-01
Format 04-01-2025 as 2025-04-01
Format 2025.06.01 as 2025-06-01

為顯示而格式化日期

// Example input date
LocalDate date = LocalDate.parse("2025-03-01");

// Want to display as March 1, 2025
DateTimeFormatter displayFormat = DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("MMMM d, yyyy");


// Format date in desired format
String formattedDate = date.format(displayFormat);
System.out.println("Formatted date: " + formattedDate);

Formatted date: March 1, 2025

時區操作

import java.time.ZoneId;

LocalDate date = LocalDate.parse("2025-03-01"); // Example input date

ZonedDateTime nyTime = date.atStartOfDay(ZoneId.of("America/New_York"));
// Convert same moment to LA time
ZonedDateTime laTime =
        nyTime.withZoneSameInstant(ZoneId.of("America/Los_Angeles"));

System.out.println("New York time: " + nyTime);
System.out.println("Los Angeles time: " + laTime);

New York time: 2025-03-01T00:00-05:00[America/New_York]
Los Angeles time: 2025-02-28T21:00-08:00[America/Los_Angeles]

為何用字串處理日期會失敗

// Wrong: Trying to extract month using string manipulation
System.out.println("Does 3/1/25 start with 3? " + "3/1/25".startsWith("3"));
System.out.println("Does 03-15-25 start with 3? " + "03-15-25".startsWith("3"));

// Correct: Using standardized dates
DateTimeFormatter formatter = DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("MM-d-yy");
LocalDate date = LocalDate.parse("03-15-25", formatter); // Convert to date
System.out.println("Month and year of 03-15-25: "
                   + date.getMonth() + " " + date.getYear()); // Get month/year

Does 3/1/25 start with 3? true
Does 03-15-25 start with 3? false

Month and year of 03-15-25: MARCH 2025

綜合運用

關鍵匯入

import java.time.LocalDate;
import java.time.format.DateTimeFormatter;
import java.time.ZoneId;

指定輸入日期樣式：DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern()
將字串轉為日期：LocalDate.parse()
指定並轉換時區：ZoneId.of()、.withZoneSameInstant()
格式化日期：.format()
解析日期請用 LocalDate.parse()，不要用字串操作（如 .startsWith()）

一起來練習吧！

使用 Java 進行資料清理