樞紐轉置資料

Snowflake 的資料型別與函式

Jake Roach

Field Data Engineer

彙總表

                   course_name  |  exam_type  |  avg_exam_score
                  ------------- | ----------- | ----------------
                    Calculus I  |  Exam 1     |       81.78
                    Calculus I  |  Exam 2     |       83.55
                    Calculus I  |  Final      |       80.93

                    Finance     |  Exam 1     |       89.47
                    Finance     |  Exam 2     |       90.39
                    Finance     |  Final      |       89.69

                    Marketing   |  Exam 1     |       94.11
                    Marketing   |  Exam 2     |       93.29
                    Marketing   |  Final      |       93.81

「樞紐」後的表格




         course_name  |    "Exam 1"   |    "Exam 2"   |  "Final"
        ------------- | ------------- | ------------- | ---------
          Calculus I  |     81.78     |     83.55     |   80.93
          Finance     |     89.47     |     90.39     |   89.69
          Marketing   |     94.11     |     93.29     |   93.81

建立樞紐轉置表

SELECT
    *
FROM SCHEMA.TABLE


PIVOT(

    -- Aggregation function
    SUM(<1>)


    -- Specify rows to pivot to columns
    FOR <2> IN (ANY ORDER BY <2>)

    -- No need to GROUP BY!
);

PIVOT 透過將值「轉成欄」來輸出彙總結果

SELECT * 可搭配 EXCLUDE
PIVOT 接在 FROM ... 之後
<2> 可用 ANY 值

<1>：要彙總的欄位

<2>：要轉成欄的列值

CTE 與樞紐轉置

WITH exam_grades AS (
    SELECT
        ..., exam_score, exam_type
    FROM SCHEMA.TABLE
    WHERE ...
)


SELECT
    *   -- Could also use EXCLUDE
FROM exam_grades
PIVOT(
    AVG(exam_score)
    FOR exam_type IN (ANY ORDER BY exam_type)
);

先定義一個 CTE，再使用 PIVOT！

            `SELECT * FROM <cte>`

exam_score：要彙總的欄位

exam_type：要轉成欄的列值

依考試類型比較成績

WITH exam_grades AS (
    SELECT 
        course_name, course_abbreviation, exam_score, exam_type
    FROM STUDENTS.grades
    WHERE course_level = '101'
)


SELECT
    * EXCLUDE course_abbreviation  -- Remove course_abbrevation from the result set
FROM exam_grades

PIVOT(
    AVG(exam_score)
    FOR exam_type IN (ANY ORDER BY exam_type)
);

依考試類型比較成績

                 course_name  |   exam_type   |  avg_exam_score
                ------------- | ------------- | ----------------
                  Calculus I  |   Exam 1      |       81.78
                  Calculus I  |   Exam 2      |       83.55
                  Calculus I  |   Final       |       80.93

                  Finance     |   Midterm 1   |       89.47
                                     ...

                 course_name  |    "Exam 1 "  |    "Exam 2"   |  "Final"
                ------------- | ------------- | ------------- | ---------
                  Calculus I  |     81.78     |     83.55     |   80.93
                  Finance     |     89.47     |     90.39     |   89.69
                  Marketing   |     94.11     |     93.29     |   93.81

一起來練習吧！

Snowflake 的資料型別與函式