更多 Pandas

給 R 使用者的 Python

Daniel Chen

Instructor

遺漏資料

來自 numpy 的 NaN 遺漏值
np.NaN、np.NAN、np.nan 都等同於 R 的 NA
用 pd.isnull 檢查遺漏值
- 用 pd.notnull 檢查非遺漏
- pd.isnull 等同 pd.isna

處理遺漏資料

df

           name  treatment_a  treatment_b
0    John Smith          NaN            2
1      Jane Doe         16.0           11
2  Mary Johnson          3.0            1

a_mean = df['treatment_a'].mean()
a_mean

9.5

Fillna

df['a_fill'] = df['treatment_a'].fillna(a_mean)
df

           name  treatment_a  treatment_b  a_fill
0    John Smith          NaN            2     9.5
1      Jane Doe         16.0           11    16.0
2  Mary Johnson          3.0            1     3.0

套用自訂函式

內建函式
自訂函式
apply 方法
指定軸向

R

df = data.frame('a' = c(1, 2, 3),
                'b' = c(4, 5, 6))
apply(df, 2, mean)

a b 
2 5

apply(df, 1, mean)

2.5 3.5 4.5

Python

import pandas as pd
df = pd.DataFrame({'A': [1, 2, 3],
                   'B':[4, 5, 6]})
df.apply(np.mean, axis=0)

A    2.0
B    5.0
dtype: float64

df.apply(np.mean, axis=1)

0    2.5
1    3.5
2    4.5
dtype: float64

Tidy

重塑並整理資料
Hadley Wickham〈Tidy Data〉論文
- 每列是一筆觀測
- 每欄是一個變數
- 每種觀測單位各成一表

Tidy Data 論文：http://vita.had.co.nz/papers/tidy-data.pdf

Tidy：melt

df

           name  treatment_a  treatment_b
0    John Smith          NaN            2
1      Jane Doe         16.0           11
2  Mary Johnson          3.0            1

df_melt = pd.melt(df, id_vars='name')
df_melt

           name     variable  value
0    John Smith  treatment_a    NaN
1      Jane Doe  treatment_a   16.0
2  Mary Johnson  treatment_a    3.0
3    John Smith  treatment_b    2.0
...

Tidy：pivot_table

df_melt_pivot = pd.pivot_table(df_melt,
                               index='name',
                               columns='variable',
                               values='value')
df_melt_pivot

variable      treatment_a  treatment_b
name                                  
Jane Doe             16.0         11.0
John Smith            NaN          2.0
Mary Johnson          3.0          1.0

重設索引

df_melt_pivot.reset_index()

variable          name  treatment_a  treatment_b
0             Jane Doe         16.0         11.0
1           John Smith          NaN          2.0
2         Mary Johnson          3.0          1.0

Groupby

groupby：分割－套用－合併
將資料分割為多個分區
對每個分區套用函式
合併結果

執行 groupby

           name     variable  value
0    John Smith  treatment_a    NaN
1      Jane Doe  treatment_a   16.0
2  Mary Johnson  treatment_a    3.0
3    John Smith  treatment_b    2.0
4      Jane Doe  treatment_b   11.0
5  Mary Johnson  treatment_b    1.0

df_melt.groupby('name')['value'].mean()

name
Jane Doe        13.5
John Smith       2.0
Mary Johnson     2.0
Name: value, dtype: float64

一起來練習吧！

給 R 使用者的 Python