Generalized Linear Models in Python
Ita Cirovic Donev
Data Science Consultant





# Extract variance-covariance matrix
print(model_GLM.cov_params())
Intercept weight
Intercept 0.774762 -0.325087
weight -0.325087 0.141903
# Compute standard error for weight
std_error = np.sqrt(0.141903)
0.3767
變異—共變異矩陣

z 統計量 $$ \color{#2485F2}{z=\hat\beta/SE} $$
$\color{#2485F2}{z}$ 大 $\Rightarrow$ 係數 $\ne0$ $\Rightarrow$ 變數具顯著性
範例:horseshoe crab 模型y ~ weight
$z = 1.8151/0.377 = 4.819$
$$ [\color{#5A5AF3}{lower},\color{#D8498E}{upper}] $$
$$ [\color{#5A5AF3}{\hat\beta - 1.96 \times SE},\color{#D8498E}{\hat\beta+1.96 \times SE}] $$
範例:horseshoe crab 模型
coef std err
<hr />-------------------------------
Intercept -3.6947 0.880
weight 1.8151 0.377

print(model_GLM.conf_int())
0 1
Intercept -5.419897 -1.969555
weight 1.076826 2.553463
print(model_GLM.conf_int())
lower 1
Intercept -5.419897 -1.969555
weight 1.076826 2.553463
print(model_GLM.conf_int())
0 upper
Intercept -5.419897 -1.969555
weight 1.076826 2.553463
擷取 $\beta$ 的信賴區間
端點取指數
print(np.exp(model_GLM.conf_int()))
0 1
Intercept 0.004428 0.139519
weight 2.935348 12.851533
Generalized Linear Models in Python