在 R 中使用 tidymodels 建立模型
David Svancer
Data Scientist
在訓練前設定、用來控制模型複雜度的模型參數
parsnip decision tree
cost_complexitytree_depthmin_n
decision_tree() 會設定預設超參數值
cost_complexity 預設為 0.01tree_depth 預設為 30min_n 預設為 20這些值未必適用所有資料集
dt_model <- decision_tree() %>%
set_engine('rpart') %>%
set_mode('classification')
tune 套件的 tune() 函式
parsnip 的模型規格中,將要調校的超參數設為 tune()dt_tune_model <- decision_tree(cost_complexity = tune(), tree_depth = tune(), min_n = tune()) %>% set_engine('rpart') %>% set_mode('classification')dt_tune_model
Decision Tree Model Specification (classification)
Main Arguments:
cost_complexity = tune()
tree_depth = tune()
min_n = tune()
Computational engine: rpart
workflow 物件可輕鬆更新
leads_wkflleads_wkfl 傳入 update_model(),並提供含調校參數的新決策樹模型leads_tune_wkfl <- leads_wkfl %>%update_model(dt_tune_model)leads_tune_wkfl
== Workflow ===============
Preprocessor: Recipe
Model: decision_tree()
-- Preprocessor -----------
3 Recipe Steps
* step_corr()
* step_normalize()
* step_dummy()
-- Model ------------------
Decision Tree Model Specification (classification)
Main Arguments: cost_complexity = tune()
tree_depth = tune()
min_n = tune()
Computational engine: rpart
最常見的超參數調校方法
| cost_complexity | tree_depth | min_n |
|---|---|---|
| 0.001 | 20 | 35 |
| 0.001 | 20 | 15 |
| 0.001 | 35 | 35 |
| 0.001 | 35 | 15 |
| 0.2 | 20 | 35 |
| ... | ... | ... |
dials 套件的 parameters() 函式
parsnip 模型物件tune() 標記之超參數的 tibble(若有)dials 產生調校網格parameters(dt_tune_model)
Collection of 3 parameters for tuning
identifier type object
cost_complexity cost_complexity nparam[+]
tree_depth tree_depth nparam[+]
min_n min_n nparam[+]
隨機產生參數組合
grid_random() 函式
parameters() 的結果size 指定要產生的隨機組合數set.seed() 再呼叫 grid_random()set.seed(214) grid_random(parameters(dt_tune_model),size = 5)
# A tibble: 5 x 3
cost_complexity tree_depth min_n
<dbl> <int> <int>
1 0.0000000758 14 39
2 0.0243 5 34
3 0.00000443 11 8
4 0.000000600 3 5
5 0.00380 5 36
超參數調校的第一步
dt_grid 含有 5 組隨機超參數組合set.seed(214) dt_grid <- grid_random(parameters(dt_tune_model), size = 5)dt_grid
# A tibble: 5 x 3
cost_complexity tree_depth min_n
<dbl> <int> <int>
1 0.0000000758 14 39
2 0.0243 5 34
3 0.00000443 11 8
4 0.000000600 3 5
5 0.00380 5 36
tune_grid() 會執行超參數調校
需要以下引數:
workflow 或 parsnip 模型resamplesgridmetrics 函式回傳結果的 tibble
.metricsdt_tuning <- leads_tune_wkfl %>%tune_grid(resamples = leads_folds,grid = dt_grid,metrics = leads_metrics)
dt_tuning
# Tuning results
# 10-fold cross-validation using stratification
# A tibble: 10 x 4
splits id .metrics ..
<list> <chr> <list> ..
<split [896/100]> Fold01 <tibble [15 x 7]> ..
................ ...... ............... ..
<split [897/99]> Fold09 <tibble [15 x 7]> ..
<split [897/99]> Fold10 <tibble [15 x 7]> ..
collect_metrics() 預設提供彙總結果
dt_tuning %>%
collect_metrics()
# A tibble: 15 x 9
cost_complexity tree_depth min_n .metric .estimator mean n std_err .config
<dbl> <int> <int> <chr> <chr> <dbl> <int> <dbl> <chr>
1 0.0000000758 14 39 roc_auc binary 0.827 10 0.0147 Model1
2 0.0000000758 14 39 sens binary 0.728 10 0.0277 Model1
3 0.0000000758 14 39 spec binary 0.865 10 0.0156 Model1
4 0.0243 5 34 roc_auc binary 0.823 10 0.0147 Model2
. ...... .. .. .... ...... ..... .. ..... ......
14 0.00380 5 36 sens binary 0.747 10 0.0209 Model5
15 0.00380 5 36 spec binary 0.858 10 0.0161 Model5
在 R 中使用 tidymodels 建立模型