影響凸性的因素

使用 Python 進行債券評價與分析

Joshua Mayhew

Options Trader

凸性是一種優勢

殖利率降時，債價漲更多；殖利率升時，債價跌較少

探討凸性

直接比較兩檔債券的凸性
繪製影響因子對凸性的圖
直接觀察價格／殖利率關係的曲率

票息與凸性

10 年期債券、殖利率 5%，第一檔零息，第二檔票面利率 10%

price_1 = -npf.pv(rate=0.05, nper=10, pmt=0, fv=100)

price_up_1 = -npf.pv(rate=0.06, nper=10, pmt=0, fv=100)

price_down_1 = -npf.pv(rate=0.04, nper=10, pmt=0, fv=100)

convexity_1 = (price_down_1 + price_up_1 - 2 * price_1) / (price_1 * 0.01 ** 2)

price_2 = -npf.pv(rate=0.05, nper=10, pmt=10, fv=100)
price_up_2 = -npf.pv(rate=0.06, nper=10, pmt=10, fv=100)
price_down_2 = -npf.pv(rate=0.04, nper=10, pmt=10, fv=100)
convexity_2 = (price_down_2 + price_up_2 - 2 * price_2) / (price_2 * 0.01 ** 2)

print("Low Coupon Bond Convexity: ", convexity_1)
print("High Coupon Bond Convexity: ", convexity_2)

Low Coupon Bond Convexity:  99.89
High Coupon Bond Convexity:  64.09

存續期間與凸性

bond_yields = np.arange(0, 20, 0.1)
bond = pd.DataFrame(bond_yields, columns=['yield'])

bond['price_10y'] = -npf.pv(rate=bond['yield'] / 100, 
    nper=10, pmt=0, fv=100)
bond['price_30y'] = -npf.pv(rate=bond['yield'] / 100, 
    nper=30, pmt=0, fv=100)

plt.plot(bond['yield'], bond['price_10y'])
plt.plot(bond['yield'], bond['price_30y'])
plt.xlabel('Yield (%)')
plt.ylabel('Price (USD)')
plt.title('Bond Maturity vs. Convexity')
plt.legend(["10 Year Bond", "30 Year Bond"])
plt.show()

殖利率與凸性

bond_yields = np.arange(0, 20, 0.1)
bond = pd.DataFrame(bond_yields, columns=['bond_yield'])

bond['price'] = -npf.pv(rate=bond['bond_yield'] / 100, 
    nper=10, pmt=5, fv=100)

bond['price_up'] = -npf.pv(rate=bond['bond_yield'] / 100 
    + 0.01, nper=10, pmt=5, fv=100)

bond['price_down'] = -npf.pv(rate=bond['bond_yield'] / 100 
    - 0.01, nper=10, pmt=5, fv=100)

bond['convexity'] = (bond['price_down'] + bond['price_up'] 
- 2 * bond['price']) / (bond['price'] * 0.01 ** 2)

plt.plot(bond['bond_yield'], bond['convexity'])
plt.xlabel('Yield (%)')
plt.ylabel('Convexity (%)')
plt.title("Convexity Of 10 Year Bond 5% Annual Coupon")
plt.show()

重點整理

正凸性是一種優勢：
- 殖利率上升時虧得較少，下降時賺得較多

凸性在以下情況會提高：
- 存續期間較長
- 票息較低
- 殖利率較低

一起來練習吧！

使用 Python 進行債券評價與分析