房租是不是太高了？

使用 Python 分析美國 Census 資料

Lee Hachadoorian

Asst. Professor of Instruction, Temple University

名詞定義

計算房租的方式：

合約房租（Contract Rent）：租約上約定需支付的房租
總房租（Gross Rent）：房租加上水電瓦斯等；部分租約已含於合約房租，其他則由房客另付

租金負擔：

租金負擔（Rent Burden）：房租占家庭所得 30% 以上
嚴重租金負擔（Severe Rent Burden）：房租占家庭所得 50% 以上

表 B25074：過去 12 個月家庭所得，依總房租占家庭所得比例分類

Total
    Less than $10,000
        Less than 20.0 percent
        20.0 to 24.9 percent
        25.0 to 29.9 percent
        30.0 to 34.9 percent
        35.0 to 39.9 percent
        40.0 to 49.9 percent
        50.0 percent or more
        Not computed
    $10,000 to $19,999
    $20,000 to $34,999
    $35,000 to $49,999
    $50,000 to $74,999
    $75,000 to $99,999
    $100,000 or more

美國房租占所得比例，ACS 2012-2016

total                                     42835169
inc_under_10k                              5558843
inc_under_10k_rent_under_20_pct              57052
inc_under_10k_rent_20_to_25_pct              58042
inc_under_10k_rent_25_to_30_pct             208806
inc_under_10k_rent_30_to_35_pct             177709
inc_under_10k_rent_35_to_40_pct             102565
inc_under_10k_rent_40_to_50_pct             150153
inc_under_10k_rent_over_50_pct             3381537
inc_under_10k_rent_not_computed            1422979
inc_10k_to_20k                             7027373
inc_10k_to_20k_rent_under_20_pct            213000
etc...

計算租金負擔

print(rent.columns[10:19])

Index(['inc_10k_to_20k', 'inc_10k_to_20k_rent_under_20_pct',
   'inc_10k_to_20k_rent_20_to_25_pct', 'inc_10k_to_20k_rent_25_to_30_pct',
   'inc_10k_to_20k_rent_30_to_35_pct', 'inc_10k_to_20k_rent_35_to_40_pct',
   'inc_10k_to_20k_rent_40_to_50_pct', 'inc_10k_to_20k_rent_over_50_pct',
   'inc_10k_to_20k_rent_not_computed'],
  dtype='object')

計算租金負擔

rent["inc_10k_to_20k_rent_burden"] = 100 * (

    rent["inc_10k_to_20k_rent_30_to_35_pct"] + 
    rent["inc_10k_to_20k_rent_35_to_40_pct"] + 
    rent["inc_10k_to_20k_rent_40_to_50_pct"] + 
    rent["inc_10k_to_20k_rent_over_50_pct"]

    ) / (
    rent["inc_10k_to_20k"] - 
    rent["inc_10k_to_20k_rent_not_computed"]
    )

計算租金負擔

print(rent["inc_10k_to_20k_rent_burden"])

0    87.008024
Name: inc_10k_to_20k_rent_burden, dtype: float64

用迴圈計算租金負擔

# Create list with income category part of column names
incomes = ["inc_under_10k", "inc_10k_to_20k", "inc_20k_to_35k", 
           "inc_35k_to_50k", "inc_50k_to_75k", "inc_75k_to_100k", 
           "inc_over_100k"]

用迴圈計算租金負擔

# Create new DataFrame with just the geography name
rent_burden = rent["name"]

# Loop over the list of income categories
for income in incomes:

    # Construct column names
    rent_burden[income] =

        100 * (rent[income + "_rent_30_to_35_pct"] + 
        rent[income + "_rent_35_to_40_pct"] + 
        rent[income + "_rent_40_to_50_pct"] + 
        rent[income + "_rent_over_50_pct"]) / (
        rent[income] - rent[income + "_rent_not_computed"])

美國各所得級距的租金負擔

print(rent_burden.squeeze())

name               United States
inc_under_10k            92.1685
inc_10k_to_20k            87.008
inc_20k_to_35k           74.7448
inc_35k_to_50k           43.0434
inc_50k_to_75k           21.0937
inc_75k_to_100k          9.11853
inc_over_100k            3.14882
Name: 0, dtype: object

長條圖：7 個所得級距的租金負擔家庭比例。所得越高，比例由 92% 逐步降至 3%。

一起來練習吧！

使用 Python 分析美國 Census 資料